EnglishNeiva Marina Carmona Franco infiltrated environmentalist groups in Madrid, including the local branches of Extinction Rebellion and Fridays for Future. She participated in civil disobedience actions. She had an official ID card under her fake name.
She was quickly suspected of being an infiltrator because she exhibited suspicious behavior, such as not having a social media presence. She was identified when members of Extinction Rebellion used a photocopy of her ID card to request a birth certificate from the city where she claimed to have been born, and discovered that she wasn't in the city's registry.
María Victoria Canillas Sánchez infiltrated groups in Madrid, including social centers and the local branch of the environmentalist group Extinction Rebellion. She first infiltrated a gym in a social center before moving on to other groups. She attended meetings. She had a sexual relationship with one of her targets.
She was identified partly because:
- She seemed at ease with contact sports despite claiming she had never practiced any.
- She had a very flattering attitude towards people, and she changed her opinion depending on who she spoke to.
- Pictures of her under her cover identity matched pictures of her under her real identity. The latter included pictures found on social media.
Maria Isern Torres infiltrated groups in Girona, including pro-independence groups. She attended demonstrations and meetings. She had an official ID card under her fake name. She was in a sexual and romantic relationship with one of her targets, O., for several years. She lived with O. for a year and, on one occasion, brought him to her real family home to meet her real mother, who was complicit in the deception.
Lucía Rodríguez de Ves infiltrated groups in Madrid, including the antifascist group Distrito 104, the Movimiento Antirrepresivo de Madrid (Madrid Anti-Repression Movement), and social centers. She first infiltrated a gym before moving on to other groups. She attended many events and demonstrations and participated in civil disobedience actions and riots.
She was identified partly because:
- Her fake and real names were similar: both contained the name “Lucía Rodríguez.”
- Pictures of her under her cover identity matched pictures of her under her real identity. The latter included pictures posted by her real relatives on social media in which she appeared.
Daniel Hermoso Pérez infiltrated groups in Catalonia, including the social center La Cinètika in Barcelona. He first infiltrated a gym in La Cinètika before moving on to other groups. He attended demonstrations and participated in civil disobedience actions. He had sexual or romantic relationships with at least eight people and used those relationships to gain access to activist spaces.
Ramón Muñoz Fernández infiltrated groups in Valencia, including groups advocating for housing rights and a social center. He attended and organized meetings and demonstrations. He participated in actions, including the nighttime degradation of fences surrounding lots owned by a real estate developer. He had an official ID card and social security number under his fake name.
Ignacio José Enseñat Guerra infiltrated groups in Barcelona, including groups advocating for housing rights and a student union. He attended meetings and demonstrations and participated in civil disobedience actions. He had an official ID card under his fake name, which he used to open a bank account and conduct other administrative procedures.
He was identified partly because:
- His accent did not match the region of Spain from which he claimed to be.
- An apartment he claimed belonged to his uncle was listed in public records as owned by a company and intended for tourist accommodation.
- Pictures of him under his cover identity matched pictures of him under his real identity.
Carlos Pérez Moreno infiltrated groups in Madrid, including the antifascist group Distrito 14. He first infiltrated a gym before moving on to other groups. He attended demonstrations and participated in actions. On some occasions, he and another infiltrator, Sergio Gigirey Amado, participated in the same actions.
He was identified partly because:
- When people visited the apartment he claimed to live in, the tap water was brown, as if no one lived there.
- Despite claiming to work for an air conditioning installation company, he often attended political events during work hours.
Álvaro Gaztelu Alcaire infiltrated groups in Lleida, including pro-independence groups and a student union. He attended demonstrations and participated in riots. He had an official ID card under his fake name, which he used to open a bank account.
He was identified partly because pictures of him under his cover identity matched pictures of him under his real identity. The latter included a video from his police graduation ceremony and a picture from a race in which he participated under his real identity.
Sergio Gigirey Amado infiltrated groups in Madrid, including the antifascist group Distrito 14, and the Movimiento Antirrepresivo de Madrid (Madrid Anti-Repression Movement). He first infiltrated a food bank before moving on to other groups. He attended meetings and participated in civil disobedience actions. On some occasions, he and another infiltrator, Carlos Pérez Moreno, participated in the same actions. He shared an apartment with some of his targets and was in a romantic and sexual relationship with one of his targets for several years.
He was identified partly because:
- Pictures of him under his cover identity matched pictures of him under his real identity. The latter included a video from his police graduation ceremony and a picture from a race for which he registered under his real name.
- An employer for whom he claimed to work denied employing him.
April Rogers infiltrated leftist groups in Colorado Springs, including a socialist political organization and a tenants union. She was part of the Colorado Springs Police Department but her infiltration was carried out under the authority of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). She attended demonstrations and other events. On several occasions, she tried to push activists to illegally purchase firearms, presumably so they could be charged with the illegal purchases.
She was identified because:
- After a demonstration in which she was present, an activist was charged with a crime related to the demonstration. As part of the case, the activist was granted access to documents, including body-camera video footage from a police officer near the demonstration. In the footage, the officer mentioned that two undercover officers were at the demonstration, and appeared to refer to one of them as “April, with her giant boobs.”
- Through “a process of elimination,” activists deduced that she was the infiltrator mentioned in the footage.
María Ángeles Gómez Armendáriz infiltrated many groups in Madrid, including Madres Contra la Represión (Mothers Against Repression) and other anti-fascist and anti-repression groups. She attended meetings and demonstrations. She had an official ID card under her fake name.
She was identified partly because:
- When asked about her work history, she evaded the question and did not answer.
- When asked if she was an infiltrator, she did not deny the accusation.
Belén Awad-Ratib Gómez infiltrated groups in Barcelona, including pro-independence and pro-Palestinian groups. She attended meetings and events and participated in actions. She had an official ID card under her fake name, which she used to open a bank account. Although her physical infiltration stopped in 2020, she maintained telephone contact with activists until 2023.
“Shane” infiltrated groups in Hamilton, Ontario. He attended meetings and demonstrations.
William Pina Botelho infiltrated groups in Brazil, including an informal group that was planning an anti-government demonstration. He worked for the military. He attended and helped organize demonstrations.
He was identified because:
- He and other activists were arrested while gathering before a demonstration, and:
- He was the only one of those arrested who was not taken to a police station.
- While the activists were in custody, he posted messages on social media, further confirming that he wasn't in custody.
- Social media pictures of him under his cover identity matched social media pictures of him under his real identity.
“Petr” and “Robert” infiltrated anarchist groups in the Czech Republic. They attended demonstrations and other events. They pushed a group of anarchists to plot an attack on a train with Molotov cocktails. Their infiltration resulted in the arrest of five anarchists, one of whom spent a year and a half in pretrial detention, though they were all ultimately acquitted.
Astrid Oppermann infiltrated groups in Hamburg, including anti-fascist and anti-repression groups. She also attended an event in Denmark. She attended and helped organize demonstrations and events, and co-founded an anti-fascist group. On a few occasions, she introduced friends to other activists who were likely her actual friends under her real identity. She had an official ID card under her fake name.
Maria Böhmichen infiltrated anti-racist and anti-fascist groups in Hamburg. She also attended events and demonstrations in Belgium, Denmark, France, and Greece. She attended and helped organize events and demonstrations. She also attended social events in public places and private homes. She had sexual relationships with two of her targets.
Luis Castilla Pérez infiltrated groups in Seville, including anti-austerity and anarchist groups, and social centers. He attended meetings and events. He had an official ID card under his fake name.
He was identified because:
- Activists began to suspect that he was an infiltrator because he was very active in their groups, yet no one knew much about him.
- When asked to show that he wasn't an infiltrator, he failed to do so and disappeared in very suspicious circumstances.
José Manuel Iglesias Romero infiltrated anti-globalization groups in the Asturias region. He attended meetings and demonstrations.
He was identified when someone who knew him under his real identity as a police officer recognized him by chance at a demonstration.
“Gary Rayner” infiltrated animal rights groups in Oxford. He also attended an event in Norway. He attended meetings and demonstrations, and helped organize events. During the first two years of his infiltration, he lived with a woman who was likely also a police officer.
He was identified because:
- After several infiltrators were identified in the United Kingdom starting in 2011, activists realized he fit the profile of an infiltrator.
- After he vanished, activists failed to find him in official documents, such as electoral registers.
Simon Bromma infiltrated left-wing and anti-fascist groups in Heidelberg. He also attended an event in Belgium. He first infiltrated a student group before moving on to other groups. He participated in demonstrations.
He was identified because:
- Before the infiltration began, while on vacation in France, he told a person that he was a police officer.
- In 2010, this person traveled to Heidelberg to visit a friend from left-wing circles. They met Simon Bromma by chance at a party, and warned their friend that he was a police officer.
- The next day, when confronted with the accusation that he was a police officer, he admitted to being an infiltrator.
Mark Kennedy infiltrated many environmentalist, anti-capitalist, and anarchist groups in the United Kingdom and abroad. He participated in demonstrations, actions, and other events in Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Ireland, Poland, Spain, and the United States. He worked for the police as part of the undercover police unit National Public Order Intelligence Unit. In 2010, he also worked for a security company. He first infiltrated a social center in Nottingham, United Kingdom, before moving on to other groups. He had credit cards, bank accounts, a passport, and a driver's license under his fake name. On one occasion, he introduced two people he claimed were his childhood friends to his roommates, and who were in fact likely other undercover police officers. On one occasion, he used a modified watch to record his targets' conversations. He had many romantic and sexual relationships with his targets, including one that lasted six years.
His targets were unaware that he was married and had children under his real identity. He was identified because:
- One day, his long-term partner found his real passport under the name “Mark Kennedy,” as well as emails indicating that he had children.
- His long-term partner and other activists then found evidence of his real identity:
- Electoral records for his birth year did not include an entry for “Mark Stone” but did include an entry for a “Mark Kennedy” who was married.
- A genealogy website included an entry for a “Mark John Kennedy” who was listed as being married and having children.
- The birth certificate of the son of “Mark Kennedy” listed the father's occupation as police officer.
- The birth certificate of “Mark Kennedy” listed the father's occupation as police officer, despite his claims that his father was an accountant.
- The marriage certificate of “Mark Kennedy” listed his occupation as police officer.
- When confronted with evidence, he admitted to being an infiltrator.
Denis Leduc infiltrated groups in Ottawa, including the Indigenous Peoples' Solidarity Movement of Ottawa and groups organizing against the 2010 G20 Toronto summit. He attended meetings and helped organize events.
He was identified during bail hearings, presumably through court documents.
Brenda Carey infiltrated groups in Ontario, including Southern Ontario Anarchist Resistance (SOAR). She was tasked with infiltrating anarchist groups organizing against the 2010 G20 Toronto summit. She initially infiltrated an anti-poverty group before moving on to successfully infiltrate SOAR, the main anarchist group organizing against the G20. She attended meetings. She introduced a man she claimed was her boyfriend to other activists, and who was in fact another police officer. On one occasion, she wore a hidden recording device to a meeting. Information she gathered helped incriminate SOAR participants.
Bindo Showan infiltrated groups in Ontario, including Southern Ontario Anarchist Resistance (SOAR). He was tasked with infiltrating anarchist groups organizing against the 2010 G20 Toronto summit. He first infiltrated a group organizing against the construction of a business park before moving on to infiltrate SOAR, the main anarchist group organizing against the G20. He attended meetings. Information he gathered helped incriminate SOAR participants.
He was identified because:
- He exhibited suspicious behavior, such as discussing illegal activities in inappropriate contexts and not stopping when asked to stop.
- An activist “saw something suspicious” on his phone.
“Marco Jacobs” infiltrated anarchist and anti-globalization groups in the United Kingdom, including in Brighton and Cardiff. He also attended a demonstration in Germany and a meeting in Poland. He was part of the undercover police unit National Public Order Intelligence Unit. He participated in meetings, demonstrations and actions. He had sexual relationships with one of his targets for a few weeks.
Marilyn Hedstrom infiltrated groups organizing against the 2008 Republican National Convention. She attended and helped organize meetings. Another infiltrator, Rachel Nieting, posed as her niece.
“Setha Sann” infiltrated left-wing, animal rights, and anti-war groups in Melbourne. He was part of the Security Intelligence Group, the intelligence unit of the police of the state of Victoria. He attended meetings and protests, and participated in actions.
“Lynn Watson” infiltrated environmentalist and anti-war groups in the United Kingdom, including a social center in Leeds. She was part of the undercover police unit National Public Order Intelligence Unit. She attended and helped organize demonstrations and other events. On one occasion, she introduced to other activists a man who she claimed was her boyfriend, and who was in fact likely another undercover police officer. Although she did not have sustained romantic or sexual relationships with her targets, she did have sex with one of her targets on at least one occasion.
She was identified because:
- She exhibited suspicious behavior, such as displaying a poster in her house that was more radical than her apparent beliefs, always keeping one room in her house locked, and preferring to sleep in hotels rather than in friends' spare rooms.
- Activists were unable to verify her claims that her family lived in Farnborough and that her first and second boyfriends were a locksmith from Northampton and a photographer from Coventry, respectively.
- After being identified himself, the infiltrator Mark Kennedy confirmed that she was an infiltrator.
- When confronted with evidence, the police confirmed to journalists that she was an infiltrator.
“Danielle Durand” infiltrated animal rights groups in Austria, including Verein gegen Tierfabriken (VGT, Association Against Factory Farming). She also attended events in the Netherlands and Switzerland. She attended meetings, demonstrations, and other events, and participated in civil disobedience actions. She formed friendships with her targets. On one occasion, she took two water bottles used by activists and gave them to the police so that they could collect the activists' DNA on the bottles. She had a sexual relationship with one of her targets. Her infiltration contributed to the prosecution of 13 activists, though they were all ultimately acquitted.
“Simon Wellings” infiltrated anti-globalization and anarchist groups in the United Kingdom, including Globalise Resistance and “Dissent!” He also attended demonstrations in France, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States. He was part of the undercover police unit Special Demonstration Squad. He attended meetings and participated in events and demonstrations.
He was identified in 2004 after he accidentally left a voicemail on another activist's phone in which he spoke with police officers. He was expelled from Globalise Resistance but the identification was not made public, and he continued to infiltrate other groups until 2007.
“Rob Harrison” infiltrated left-wing and anarchist groups in London, including social centers. He also attended a demonstration in Germany. He was part of the undercover police unit Special Demonstration Squad. He attended meetings and demonstrations and organized events. He had sexual relationships with one of his targets.
In 2018, an official inquiry into undercover police operations revealed that he had been an infiltrator.
“Dave Jones” carried out two infiltrations. First, in 2001, as part of the undercover police unit National Public Order Intelligence Unit, he infiltrated an anarchist group in the United Kingdom. Then, from 2005 to 2007, as part of the undercover police unit Special Demonstration Squad and under the same cover identity, he infiltrated environmentalist groups and social centers in London. He attended meetings and demonstrations and participated in actions.
In 2018, an official inquiry into undercover police operations revealed that he had been an infiltrator.
Iris Plate infiltrated left-wing and queer groups in Hamburg, including the social center Rote Flora. She attended and helped organize political events and demonstrations, and participated in social events. She had an official ID card under her fake name. She had romantic relationships with her targets.
Edward Nicholas Gratwick infiltrated environmentalist and animal rights groups in the United Kingdom. He also attended a protest in the Czech Republic. He worked for the security company Verify. From 1995 to 2003, he worked on behalf of the police, and then he worked on behalf of private companies. He participated in and helped organize many demonstrations, events, and actions. On many occasions, the police seemingly disrupted or prevented actions based on information he provided. On one occasion, he accused another activist of being an infiltrator. He had a sexual relationship with one of his targets.
He was identified because:
- He exhibited suspicious behavior. For example, in 2003, he requested to be named as a defendant in a civil court case against activists, presumably to gain access to their legal strategy. This was considered suspicious because activists would not normally want to be named as defendants as this would expose them to fines or other negative consequences.
- In 2004 or 2005, an activist revealed that a “well-placed contact within the security industry” had claimed that Gratwick was an infiltrator working for the security company Verify.
- In 2015, an activist learned that, in 2002, former infiltrator Jim Boyling had claimed that Gratwick was an infiltrator.
- In 2016, a company was founded at the address where the security company Verify had been based. The company listed two directors: Gratwick and the son of the founders of Verify.
- In 2025, he was accused of child sexual offenses. During the trial, as part of his legal defense strategy, he admitted that he had been an infiltrator.
Carlo Soracchi infiltrated a Trotskyist political party and anti-fascist groups in the United Kingdom. He also attended an event in Italy. He was part of the undercover police unit Special Demonstration Squad. He attended meetings and demonstrations. He had a passport under his fake name but no credit card. He had romantic and sexual relationships with two of his targets.
He was identified because:
- After several infiltrators were identified in the United Kingdom starting in 2011, activists realized he fit the profile of an infiltrator. In particular, no one had met his family, he tended to disappear for long periods of time, and he had completely vanished in 2006.
- Toward the end of his infiltration, he started a relationship with a woman who wasn't politically active. Activists discovered that a “Carlo Soracchi” had registered at the woman's address and found a document indicating that “Carlo Soracchi” was a police officer.
- During his infiltration, he showed an activist a photo album with pictures of his real family. Activists found these same pictures on social media associated with the name “Carlo Soracchi.”
“Ritchie Clark” infiltrated animal rights groups in the United Kingdom, including Bedford Animal Action. He also attended demonstrations in Germany and Norway. He attended meetings and demonstrations, participated in actions, and regularly held information booths about animal rights. On one occasion, he accused an activist of being a spy and demanded that they be evicted from a meeting.
He was identified because:
- After several infiltrators were identified in the United Kingdom starting in 2011, activists realized he fit the profile of an infiltrator. In particular, he completely vanished in 2006.
- Activists failed to find him in Norway, the country he claimed he was moving to before vanishing.
- In 2024, an official inquiry into undercover police operations confirmed that he was an infiltrator.
“Jason Bishop” infiltrated environmentalist and anarchist groups in London. He was part of the undercover police unit Special Demonstration Squad. He attended meetings and helped organize demonstrations and actions. He shared an apartment with another infiltrator, “Dave Evans”.
“Jackie Anderson” infiltrated environmentalist and anarchist groups in the United Kingdom. She was part of the undercover police unit Special Demonstration Squad.
In 2018, an official inquiry into undercover police operations revealed that she had been an infiltrator.
“Dave Evans” infiltrated a Trotskyist political party and animal rights groups in London. He was part of the undercover police unit Special Demonstration Squad. He shared an apartment with another infiltrator, “Jason Bishop”.
In 2018, an official inquiry into undercover police operations revealed that he had been an infiltrator.
Kristian Krumbeck infiltrated left-wing groups in Hamburg. He attended actions, demonstrations and meetings.
He was identified because:
- He was recognized by chance during an action by someone who knew he was a police officer.
- The person who recognized him during the action also recognized him in pictures of him under his cover identity.
- People who knew him under his cover identity recognized him in pictures of him under his real identity.
Alfonso Collado Corrales infiltrated groups in Madrid, including anti-globalization groups and social centers. He also attended a demonstration in Italy.
The infiltration case was made public in 2025 when a journalist published a book about it. The journalist intended to keep the infiltrator's real name secret but, in interviews to promote the book, let details slip that allowed activists to find the name.
“Rod Richardson” infiltrated anarchist, anti-fascist, and animal rights groups in the United Kingdom. He also attended meetings and demonstrations in the Czech Republic, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Sweden. He was part of the undercover police unit National Public Order Intelligence Unit. He attended meetings and participated in actions. On a few occasions, he introduced to activists a woman he claimed was his partner, and who was in fact likely another police officer. He used the name and date of birth of a real baby who had died two days after birth, presumably to facilitate administrative processes related to his cover identity.
He was identified because:
- After several infiltrators were identified in the United Kingdom starting in 2011, activists realized he fit the profile of an infiltrator. In particular, he completely vanished in 2003.
- Activists found a birth certificate with his name and date of birth, as well as a death certificate with the same name dated two days later, indicating that he was using the identity of a deceased baby.
James Thomson infiltrated animal rights groups in the United Kingdom, including Croydon Hunt Saboteurs. He also attended a demonstration in the Netherlands. He was part of the undercover police unit Special Demonstration Squad. He attended demonstrations and participated in actions. He was in a romantic and sexual relationship with one of his targets.
In 2018, an official inquiry into undercover police operations revealed that he had been an infiltrator.
“Kirsti Weiß” infiltrated groups in Hanover, including student and anti-nuclear groups. She attended meetings, participated in actions, and helped organize events. For part of her infiltration, she lived in a shared apartment with other activists. On one occasion, she introduced to other activists a man who she claimed was her brother. She had a passport and other documents under her fake name.
She was identified when, a few months after the end of her infiltration, she revealed to a friend that she was an infiltrator.
“Fernando Pérez López” infiltrated groups in Madrid. He first infiltrated prisoner support groups, before moving on to infiltrate the urban guerrilla Marxist-Leninist group First of October Anti-Fascist Resistance Groups (GRAPO, Grupos de Resistencia Antifascista Primero de Octubre). He attended and helped organize events and demonstrations. On one occasion, he introduced to other activists a woman whom he claimed was his mother, though she likely wasn't, as well as people whom he claimed were his friends, though they likely weren't. His infiltration led to the arrest of GRAPO members.
Axel Brinker infiltrated anti-nuclear groups in Göttingen. He attended events and actions, and participated in meetings.
“Dave Hagan” infiltrated anti-racist and anarchist groups in London. He was part of the undercover police unit Special Demonstration Squad.
In 2018, an official inquiry into undercover police operations revealed that he had been an infiltrator.
Mark Jenner infiltrated anti-fascist and other left-wing groups in the United Kingdom. He was part of the undercover police unit Special Demonstration Squad. He attended meetings and participated in demonstrations and actions. He was in a romantic and sexual relationship with one of his targets for five years and lived with her for four of those years.
Manfred Schlickenrieder infiltrated a wide range of left-wing and environmentalist groups in Germany, as well as in Italy, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. In particular, he infiltrated various levels of left-wing revolutionary organizations, including the Red Army Faction in Germany and the Red Brigades in Italy. He worked for both State intelligence agencies and private companies throughout his career, including German domestic and foreign intelligence services and the security company Hakluyt, which had close links with British foreign intelligence services and provided information to the multinational oil and gas companies Shell and BP. He posed as a militant archivist, filmmaker, and translator, which allowed him to attend secret meetings, collect documents, and film interviews, meetings, demonstrations, actions, and other events. He gathered information on hundreds of activists. On one occasion, he offered to sell firearms to members of a clandestine communist party, and asked in exchange to know what the firearms would be used for.
Jim Boyling infiltrated environmentalist groups in the United Kingdom, including the anti-globalization group Reclaim the Streets. He was part of the undercover police unit Special Demonstration Squad. He attended and helped organize demonstrations. On one occasion, he was arrested and prosecuted under his cover identity for his participation in a civil disobedience action (he was acquitted). He had sexual relationships with three of his targets.
